心理學與《聖經》﹕神學反省（二）
自尊，自愛與《聖經》
PSYCHOLOGY AND THE BIBLE: Some Theological Reflections (2) –
Self-Esteem, Self-Love, and the Bible


I. 再談「前提」﹕只有好的動機不夠
Presuppositions Revisited: Good Intentions Are Not Good Enough

羅12﹕2 Romans 12:2
“Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewal of your mind, that by testing you may discern what is the will of God, what is goo and acceptable and perfect.”
約壹4﹕1 I John 4:1
“Beloved, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits to see whether they are from God, for many false prophets have gone out into the world.”

很多弟兄姐妹在從事輔導的專業或事奉。我們是重生得救的基督徒，聖靈住在我們裏面，以真理光照我們，聖靈也會糾正我們對真理的錯誤理解。我們絕大部分的人都有好的動機﹕幫助別人，作外展事工分享基督的愛。所以我們會花時間來參加「心理學與《聖經》」這類講座。Many of us are Christians involved in some form of counseling work or ministry. As born-again Christians, the Holy Spirit dwells in us, illumines us, and corrects our wrong understanding of the truth. The vast majority of us have very good motives to help people, and to reach out to society with the love of Christ. That is why we spend the time to attend seminars such as this one on “Psychology and the Bible.” We believe that the Holy Spirit led you to come to this seminar.
不過聖靈在我們裏面的光照，和我們好的動機，並不改變一件事實，就是﹕大多數基督徒的思想中含有不符合《聖經》的觀念，理論，和「前提」（世界觀）。這些往往與《聖經》所教導的相反。輔導員若要成熟，長期有效，必須學習《聖經》的教義﹕就是純正的，符合《聖經》的神學。我們並沒有意思判斷各位的動機，也不論斷我們願意幫助別人的目標。沒有基督徒會一天醒過來，說，「今天我決志作一個拜邪靈的異教徒！」當然不會！可是，我們誠懇邀請你重新審核自己的世界觀（價值觀）。Our good intentions, and the Holy Spirit’s illumination in our lives, however, do not change the fact that most Christians entertain notions, concepts and “presuppositions” (worldviews) which are contrary to what Scripture teaches. Counselors need to study the doctrines (teachings) which Scripture proclaims – i.e., study sound, Bible-based theology, if we are going to be mature and effective. Thus, while we do not judge your motives and your goal to help people (and you certainly didn’t wake up one day and say, “I am going to become a follower of pagan, demonic religion”), we do challenge you to re-think your worldview.
假如今天的講座是「市場學與教會增長」，我們會對到會的牧師們講解﹕雖然諸位牧師的動機是好的（願意教會增長），可是我們從很多神學院（特別是教牧學博士課程）學到的，不過是資本主義商界的市場學與廣告學伎倆而已。雖然我們不判斷牧師們的動機，可是我們會向他們的前提（價值觀，世界觀）挑戰！If this were not a seminar on “Psychology and the Bible,” but a seminar for pastors on “Marketing and the Church Growth Movement,” we will point out to the pastors who come (who have every good intention to spread the gospel and bring people into the church) that, despite their good intentions, what they learn about church growth techniques from many seminaries (especially Doctor of Ministry programs) is nothing more than advertising and marketing techniques from the business world of capitalism. While we do not judge the pastors’ intentions, we would challenge their presuppositions!
事實上，多數基督徒輔導學教授（除了《聖經》輔導運動的成員例外）是從世俗心理學的理論基礎教導輔導的。所謂「心理學與基督教融合」必然是失敗的。我們須要聖靈光照我們，理清這些反對《聖經》的觀念，清潔我們的思想。最好，最理想的情況乃是；我們在中學時期就充分吸收《聖經》教義和護教學。這樣，到了大學，我們已經準備好面對世俗心理學的理論，懂得如何過濾，評判。The fact is, most Christian professors of counseling (with the exception of a small minority who belong to the “nouthetic (biblical) counseling movement”, teach from the theoretical perspective of secular psychology. “Integration of psychology and Christianity” is a failure; it is inevitable. We need the Holy Spirit’s illumination to cleanse us from these anti-Biblical, anti-God concepts. The best, most ideal situation is that we absorb Bible doctrine, and learn the principles of Biblical apologetics, during our secondary school years. Then we are prepared to filter wrong concepts when we study psychology at the university.
人是什麼？我們來看主要心理學理論家怎麼說。弗來伊德說﹕人是一大堆彼此衝突的欲望﹕生命之欲（性）和死亡之欲（謀殺）。弗氏氏極度反對、憎恨基督教。羅杰斯說﹕人的自我，就是過去經驗的總和；人沒有靈魂。行為主義﹕人就是動物。新紀元運動﹕人就是上帝。Let us take an example: What is man? How do major psychologists answer this question? Sigmund Freud – man is a combination of contradicting desires and drives (the drive for life: sex; and the drive for death: murder). Freud fiercely opposes and despises Christianity. Carl Rogers – the self is the sum total of our past experiences – Rogers does not believe that the soul exists. B.F. Skinner (behaviorism) and contemporary studies on the brain and the body – man is a body, just like an animal. New Age philosophy/psychology – man is God.


II. 「心想意成」﹕積極思想的能力
“Mind Over Matter” – the Power of Thinking

赛55﹕10-11 Isaiah 55:10-11
“For as the rain and the snow come down from heaven and do not return there but water the earth, making it bring forth and sprout, giving seed to the sower and bread to the eater, so shall my word be that goes out from my mouth; it shall not return to me empty, but it shall accomplish that which I purpose, and shall succeed in the thing for which I sent it.”
弗1﹕11 Ephesians 1:11
“In him we have obtained an inheritance, having been predestined according to the purpose of him who works all things according to the counsel of his will.”

很多心理學家和新紀元作者相信，人的思想有極大的能力﹕所謂「心想意成」。你所想的，就能發生﹕心靈可以控制物質世界，可以控制未來。Many psychologists and most New Age writers believe in the “power of the mind.” What you think affects what will happen to you – you can “think” the future into existence.
「心想意成」若是指我們的思想能控制物質世界（我們的身體，環境等），那麼只有上帝有這種的能力。只有《聖經》的上帝絕對有這能力，有權使用這種能力。上帝思想，計劃一件事的時候，事就這樣成了。他是按自己計劃創造萬物的主！上帝說，「要有光」，就有光。上帝的話是主宰的曉諭，是掌主權，全權的話語。唯有上帝有絕對「控制世界」的能力（賽55﹕10-11）。上帝是「憑己意行萬事」的主（弗1﹕5，9，11）。If “mind over matter” means that what we think can control the physical world (our bodies, our circumstances, etc.), then only God has that power. Only God – the God of the Bible – has that power rightfully and absolutely. When God thinks and says something, he brings things into existence. God says “Let there be light,” and there is light. God Word is the Word of the Lord; it is a sovereign, all-powerful Word. Only God has absolute power of “mind over matter” (Isaiah 55:10-11). God does all things according to the counsel of his will (Eph. 1:5, 9, 11).
上帝按照自己的形象創造人（創1﹕26-28）。上帝是無限的，祂所造的人是有限的。可是人的確是上帝的形象，人有某些方面「像」上帝的性格。因此，人的理性諭思想，在某一個程度上，是上帝思想的「形象」，是「類比」上帝思維的思維 (analogical knowledge)。當然，上帝的意念不是我們的意念，祂的道路不是我們的道路（賽55﹕8-9）。祂是無限的，我們不是；祂是掌主權的，我們不是；祂是無罪的，聖潔的，我們不是。所以，我們的思想不可能一想就「創造」一件事出來（除非被邪惡靈控制）。我們必須以順服上帝的話的心來使用我們的思想；我們的思想必須是「守約順服」的行為。God created man in his own image (Gen. 1:26-28). God is infinite, man is infinite, but man is God’s image. We do bear some resemblance to God’s character. Therefore, man’s mind and man’s thoughts are “analogical to” (an image of) God’s mind and God’s thoughts. Of course, God’s thoughts are not our thoughts, and his ways are not our ways (Isaiah 55:8-9) – he is infinite, we are not; he is sovereign, we are not; he is sinless, we are not. So our minds do not “create” things into being (unless we are controlled by an evil spirit). We are to use our minds in submission to his revelation, in “covenant obedience.”
任何人試圖（或教導人）使用自己的思想來控制物質世界的，都有奪去上帝權利的嫌疑。所以上帝禁止我們行邪術！(申18章。) 新紀元哲學事實上相信我們就是上帝，因此我們應該以上帝自居，這樣生活。這簡直是褻瀆！Any attempt to teach man to use his mind to control matter, is suspect of usurping the power that only God rightfully exercises. That is why God forbids sorcery and witchcraft (Deut. Chapter 18). New Age philosophy, in fact, believes that we ARE God, so we should think and act as if we ARE God. This is blasphemy!
我們應該效法上帝的思維而思維 (think God’s thoughts after God)；換言之，以信靠，順服《聖經》的心來思想一切的事。（參﹕傅蘭姆，范泰爾的著作。）We should learn to “think God’s thoughts after God” – in other words, in faith and in obedience to Scripture. (Cf. John M. Frame, The Doctrine of the Knowledge of God; and the writings of Cornelius Van Til.)


III. 人性本善？Is Man Born Good?

弗4﹕24 Ephesians 4:24
“And to put on the new self, created after the likeness of God in true righteousness and holiness.”
西3﹕10 Colossians 3:10
“And have put on the new self, which is being renewed in knowledge after the image of its creator.”
耶17﹕9 Jeremiah 17:9
“The heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately sick (wicked); who can understand it?”

大部分的心理學理論家都是人本主義者。人本主義基本信念之一，就是﹕人性本善。（他們也相信人是智慧的，人不需要上帝幫助可以獲得智慧；人是絕對自由的，等。）這信念符合《聖經》嗎？Most psychological theorists are humanists. One of the most basic beliefs of “humanism” is that man is good. (Other beliefs: Man is wise and can attain wisdom without God’s help; man is free in an absolute sense; etc.) Is this Biblical?
上帝按照自己的形象創造了人（創1﹕26-28），人本來是公義，聖潔，智慧的（狀況一）。可是亞當犯了罪，人類在祂裏都墮落了（羅5﹕12-21）。今天人的心是極其邪惡的。我們都死在罪中（弗2﹕1）。這是狀況二。唯有聖靈重生我們，我們才被上帝再創造，按照祂的形象，成為1公義，聖潔，智慧的人（弗4﹕24，西3﹕10）。這是狀況三。基督徒活在狀況三之中，仍然會犯罪，罪是那「另一個律」，住在我們裏面（羅7﹕14-25）。God created man in his own image (Gen. 1:26-28), righteous, holy, and wise (Eph. 4:24; Col. 3:10). This is the original condition of man (condition #1). But man fell after Adam sinned (Rom. 5:12-21). So man today has a heart which is exceedingly wicked and deceitful. We are dead in our sins (Eph. 2:1). This is condition #2. Only when the Holy Spirit regenerates us, will we become re-created according to God’s image, and are restored to be righteous, holy, and wise (Eph. 4:24; Col. 3:10). This is condition #3. In condition #3 Christians still sin, sin is “another law” which still dwells in us (Rom. 7:14-25).
上帝所賜我們的一切公義，聖潔，智慧，都是在基督裏賜給我們的。因為我們在基督裏有分，我們進入到基督裏，因此上帝把基督的義歸算給我們。我們憑自己一點良善都沒有。可是上帝開恩，將基督的義歸算給我們（好象刷信用卡一樣，算在我們的帳戶裏）。All the righteousness, holiness and wisdom which God gives us, He gives us in Christ. Because we are included in, incorporated in, and have a share in Christ, we have Christ’s righteousness counted (imputed) as ours. In ourselves there is no goodness, none whatsoever. But God graciously grants Christ’s righteousness, “charging it” into our account.
任何試圖教導人性本善、智慧，而不須靠上帝救贖之恩的，都是謊言。我們這樣相信，可能出於好意﹕「噢，我的孩子心底是好的，可是祂在學校頑皮就是啦！」但這是違背《聖經》教導的想法。Any attempt to teach that man is basically good, and wise, without God’s salvation and transformation in our lives, is a lie. We may have very good intentions when we think this way: “Oh, my child has a good heart. He just behaves badly in school….” – but this is opposite to what the Bible teaches.


IV. 《聖經》論自我判斷
What Does The Bible Say About Self-Esteem?

約壹3﹕20-21 I John 3:20-21
“For whenever our heart condemns us, God is greater than our heart, and he knows everything. Beloved, if our heart does not condemn us, we have confidence before God.”
羅12﹕3 Romans 12:3
“For by the grace given to me I say to everyone among you not to think of himself more highly than he ought to think, but to think with sober judgment, each according to the measure of faith that God has assigned.”

所謂「自尊」是什麼？是指我們如何判斷自己。很多心理學家教導，我們必須有一個正面積極的自我形象（自尊），很多新紀元邪靈（靈媒）也是這樣教導。基督徒輔導員，由「愛家協會」杜博士 (Dr. James Dobson) 帶領之下，紛紛成了「自尊」的信仰者﹕沒有自尊，不可能生活健康，學業、事業成功，婚姻家庭美滿。「自我形象」是萬善之源，缺乏好的「自我形象」是萬惡之根。究竟《聖經》如何說？What is self-esteem? It is what we think about ourselves. Many psychologists teach that we must have a positive self-esteem; so do many New Age spiritual mediums. Christian counselors, under the leadership of Dr. James Dobson (Focus on the Family), believe that without a good self-image, we cannot live healthy lives, perform well in school and at work, nor have good family relationships. “Self-image” is the cure-all, the source of all good; without it, we are open to all evils in life. What does the Bible say on the subject?
《聖經》的確教導我們如何看待自己﹕我們應該看別人比自己強（腓2﹕3），我們應該謙卑，為上帝賜我們的恩賜而感恩，不要傲慢等。這些自我判斷的思想來自我們的「良心」，或「心」。我們在上文（第一篇）說過，我們有一個「意志」。意思是，我們一切所作的都是「從心發出」。The Bible does teach us how we should think about ourselves. It teaches that we should esteem others as better than ourselves (Phil. 2:3), for example. We should be humble, give thanks for the gifts God give us, and not become proud and arrogant. All of these thoughts which we think about ourselves come from our “heart” – or our “conscience.” We said in our first presentation that: we have a “will.” Therefore, everything we say and do, we do them “out of our heart.”
「良心」是什麼？良心是人的理性作出道德性的判斷。這是清教徒對良心的定義。（參﹕巴刻，《敬虔的追尋》，「清教徒的良心」一章。）一個好的（清潔的，正常運作）的良心，按照上帝如何判斷我們來判斷自己。我們作錯事（犯罪）的時候，良心會責備我們。我們作的對，良心會肯定。一個好的良心對自己說﹕「上帝赦免了我的罪，我在上帝面前被稱義；上帝繼續在我生命作成聖的工作，我繼續成聖。」What is conscience? It is man’s reason making moral judgment. Conscience is talking to ourselves, judging ourselves. (This is the Puritan definition of conscience. Cf. J.I. Packer’s chapter on “The Puritan Conscience,” in A Quest for Godliness, Crossway Books.) A good conscience (a clean conscience, a conscience which operates normally) judges ourselves just like God judges us. When we do something wrong (when we sin), our conscience rebukes us. When we do something right (according to God’s Word), our conscience approves of it. A good conscience thinks, “God has forgiven my sins, I am justified before him; God continues to work in my life to make me holy, I continue to be sanctified.”
我們的良心並非無所不知，也非無誤；只有《聖經》是絕對無誤！因此基督徒的良心必須學習。我們的良心必須跟隨聖靈的帶領，從《聖經》學習﹕《聖經》是聖靈默示的書，為了我們的好處！Our conscience is not all-knowing. Our conscience is not inerrant; it does make wrong judgments. Only God’s Word the Bible is inerrant. Therefore the Christian’s conscience must learn. Our conscience must follow the Holy Spirit’s leading, and learn from the Bible, the book which the Holy Spirit wrote for our benefit!
美國加州「自尊工作小組」的調查報告，和《科學美國》的報導（2005）指出，有積極自尊的人會有淫亂行為（注﹕缺乏自制）；傾向暴力（注﹕缺乏溫柔）；傾向傲慢，偏見。有好的自尊，並不一定在學業、事業、人際關係上成功。這是因為我們把一個罪人的自我形象（自我中心的，從「自主」的心思而發的自我認識）當作是正確的自我判斷，不考慮自己的罪。我們換假當！我們的心剛硬，我們烙了自己的良心（整個社會如此！）。The California Self Esteem Task Force report and Scientific American (2005) show that people who have “positive self-esteem” tend to be promiscuous (lack of self-control), tend to be violent (lack of meekness), tend to be arrogant and prejudiced, etc. Good self-esteem is not related to better performance in school, at work, or in relationships! This is because we have taken a sinner’s self-centered “positive self-image” which comes from an autonomous mind and heart – without paying attention to our sin – as the right way of self-judgment. We have taken a lie for the truth. Therefore, our hearts have become hardened; our conscience – an entire society’s conscience – is seared.
因此，新紀元的靈媒教導「自尊」，不足為奇。撒但最喜歡散播謊言，欺騙我們，叫我們從上帝真理之道上偏離。Therefore, it is not an accident that New Age spiritual mediums teach self-esteem. Satan loves to teach the lie, to deceive us and to divert us from following God’s truth.
教會必須回到《聖經》面前，學習如何使用我們的「良心」來敬畏上帝，愛祂，順服祂，敬拜祂，為祂而活。The church must return to the Bible and learn how to use our conscience to fear God, love him, obey him, worship him and live for him.
若有人教導「自尊」就是福音（如﹕南加州「水晶大教堂」的Robert Schuller），有好的「自尊」就是得救，這種信息簡直不是福音。Robert Schuller所教導的，不是基督教！他的教會中可能有信仰純正的傳道同工和會友，可是根據他的著作和他所宣講的，他的信息不是《聖经》所教導的。If someone – such as Robert Schuller of the Crystal Cathedral in Anaheim, California – teaches that self-esteem is the Gospel, that it is the same as salvation, then that message is simply not the Gospel. Robert Schuller’s gospel is NOT Christianity. There may be many godly Christians on his staff and in his congregation, but it does not change the fact that what he writes in his books and preaches from his pulpit is NOT the Bible’s message.


V. 我們的自我認同與別人對自己的評價﹕《聖經》的模式
Identity and What Others Think of Me – A Biblical Model

箴1﹕2-7 Proverbs 1:2-7
“To know wisdom and instruction, to understand words of insight, to receive instruction in wise dealing, in righteousness, justice and equity; to give prudence to the simple, knowledge and discretion to the youth – Let the wise hear and increase in learning, and the one who understand obtain guidance, to understand a proverb and a saying, the words of the wise and their riddles. The fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge; fools despise wisdom and instruction.”
申6﹕4-9 Deuteronomy 6:4-9
“Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one. You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might. And these words that I command you today shall be on your heart. You shall teach them diligently to your children, and shall talk of them when you sit in your house, and when you walk by the way, and when you lie down, and when you rise. You shall bind them as a sign on your hand, and they shall be as frontlets between your eyes. You shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates.”

我們應該留意別人對我們怎麼想嗎？有時候應該，可是我們不應成為懼怕別人的奴隸﹕（一）怕別人會看到真的我；（二）怕別人不接納我，拒絕我；（三）怕別人會傷害我（感情傷害，身體傷害，性虐待等）。唯一從作懼怕的奴隸釋放的方法，乃是首先敬畏上帝！Should we pay any attention to what others think about us? Sometimes yes, but we should not be enslaved by fear of what others think of us. Many of us are enslaved by three thoughts: (a) others may see the real me; (b) others may not accept me, but reject me; (c) others may hurt me, emotionally, physically, sexually. (Cf. When People Are Big and God is Small, http://www.prpbooks.com/, http://www.ccef.org/.) The only way to become liberated from this three-fold fear and slavery, is to fear God first.
可是很多時候別人對我們的評語是有用的，是我們需要的。上帝創造世界時設立了三個制度﹕婚姻與家庭；工作與社會；安息與敬拜（創1﹕26-2﹕3）。父母親必須教導兒女敬畏上帝，服從祂（申6﹕4-9），教師（教會）必須教導學生智慧與真知識（守約順服）；政府必須賞善罰惡（羅13章）。因此上帝所設立的權威會對人發出評判，是他們的責任！However, what other people think of us, may be very helpful and necessary. God has established several covenant-institutions when he created the world: marriage and family; work and government; and rest and worship (Gen. 1:26-2:3). Parents are to teach their children to fear and obey God (Deut. 6:4-9); teachers are to teach students wisdom and knowledge (“covenant obedience”); the government should reward those who do good, and punish those who do evil (Rom. 13). Therefore, these authority-figures which God has ordained, will make judgments of men, women and children. This is their duty!
一些研究指出很多美國學生不能接受自己的成績不合格。美國學生比日本學生對自己數學成績自信，但日本學生數學成績比美國學生高。這說明什麼？美國社會已經被「自尊」的謊言完全滲透，以致人拒絕面對事實。社會教導我們不要順服權威，不要接受責備。這就是為什麼美國在道德和信仰上是破產的，她僅剩下軍事，經濟和科技的能力罷了！「愚妄人藐視智慧和教教誨。」上帝啊，憐憫！上帝必審判。Studies show that American students cannot tolerate being told that they have failed a course; U.S. students have better self-confidence about their math and science ability than Japanese students (when actually, Japanese students perform better than U.S. students). This shows that American society is so infiltrated with the lie of self-esteem, that we refuse to accept the truth. Society teaches us not to obey authority, and accept rebuke. This is why American society is bankrupt in morality and religion. (She is only strong in finance, military might and technology.) “Fools refuse wisdom and instruction.” God have mercy! God will judge.
范泰爾稱上帝所設立的關係為「代表原則」。人生最基本的原則就是﹕我們的生活，完全在上帝面前（詩篇1391篇）。我們所想、所說、所作的，都在祂面光之中。上帝與全人類立約，作我們的創造主。上帝與信徒們立「恩典之約」，作我們的救贖主，生命的主宰。我們因為屬於上帝，我們也彼此歸屬為肢體，彼此「代表」。我們與上帝立約，我們也彼此立約，成立家庭，學校，教會，社區，國家。Cornelius Van Til calls these relationships in life “the representational principle,” which is another name for “covenant.” The most fundamental fact in life is: We live our lives in the face of God (Psalm 139). All that we think, say and do, we do in God’s presence. God has made a covenant with all of us – he is our Creator and Lord. God has made a special covenant with believers (the covenant of grace) – he is our Redeemer and Lord (Gen. 17:7). Because we belong to God, we belong to each other as fellow believers. We “represent” one another. We covenant with God, and form the church. We covenant with each other, and form families, schools, churches, communities, and nations.
上帝透過立約告訴我們，我們是誰﹕我們真正的身份（認同）來自上帝（羅8章，弗2-3章）。我們真正的身份（認同）來自如何了解死亡，我們死後到哪裏去（林後4-5章）。當我們永恆的去處問題安定了，我們就懂得如何生活，我們就有自己真正的身份，我們有「自信」。我們充滿著喜樂，感謝的信，因為「這世界非我家」（來11﹕11-16）。我們的自我認識來自上帝的恩典，為此我們感恩﹕我們一切所有的，我們今天成何等的人，都因為主耶穌基督。Within the covenant, God tells us who we are – our true identity comes from God (Romans chapter 8, Ephesians chapters 2-3). Our true identity comes from our understanding of death, and where we go after death (I Cor. Chapters 4-5). When the issue of our eternal destiny is settled, then we have our true identity – we have a “strong self-esteem.” We are joyful, we are thankful, because “this world is not my home” (Heb. 11:11-16). Our self-understanding is based on gratitude to God’s grace – all that we have, we owe to Christ.
換言之﹕我們必須捨己，背起十字架，跟隨住。這是我們真正的身份。Another way of putting this is: We are to “deny ourselves, take up the cross, and follow Christ.” This is our true identity.


VI. 罪與救恩﹕究竟福音是什麼？
Sin and Salvation – What is the Gospel?

羅8﹕29 Romans 8:29
“For those whom he foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, in order that he might be the firstborn among many brothers.”

一位南加州Biola大學的教授說﹕罪就是我們的需要沒有滿足，或我們沒有實現我們的潛能。Biola大學設有Rosemead 心理學院，與福樂神學院的心理學院一樣，是相信「融合」心理學與基督教信仰的學府。A professor at Biola University (La Mirada, California) is quoted as saying that: sin is when our needs are not fulfilled, and when we do not realize our potential. Biola is home to the Rosemead School of Psychology. Like Fuller Theological Seminary’s School of Psychology, Rosemead believes in the so-called “integration” of psychology with the Christian faith.
可是，世俗的心理理論，真的能夠與《聖經》的教義「融合」嗎？這位教授說的，剛好與《聖經》對罪的定義完全相反！罪是什麼？罪是對上帝的反叛！罪是干犯上帝的誡命，或不遵守上帝的吩咐。上帝所禁止的，我們去作；上帝所吩咐的，我們不去作﹕這叫罪！But can secular theories of psychology become truly “integrated” with the Bible’s teaching? This professor’s words have totally twisted what the Bible teaches about sin. Sin is rebellion against God. Sin is the lack of conformity to, and transgression of, God’s law (Westminster Shorter Catechism). In other words: What God forbids us to do, we do; what God commands us to do, we fail to do. This is sin!
我們往往把「需要」和「欲望」混為一談。餐廳的侍應若問我﹕「你需要在你的冰淇淋上面再加奶油嗎？」我要不要奶油，和我的「需要」完全沒有關係！我不需要奶油加在冰淇淋上面，也可以活下去！我們要學習分辨「欲望」和真正的「需要」。We often confuse our “needs” with “wants.” For example, when a waitress asks me in a restaurant, “Do you need whipped cream on top of your ice cream?” The whipped cream has nothing to do with what I need to exist, to live, to be healthy. It is purely “desire!” We must distinguish between needs and wants.
至於「實現我們的潛能」，我們必須以基督作我們的標準﹕我們的目標是效法基督（羅8﹕29）。As for “realizing our potential,” we must measure it against Christ (Rom. 8:29). Our “potential” or “goal” in life, is to be like Christ.
救恩是什麼？肯定不是「自尊」！救恩乃是罪得赦免，得稱為義，作上帝的兒女，承受永生的產業，順服宇宙的主，在祂國度裏（祂國度已臨，卻未臨）。What is salvation? Not self-esteem! But forgiveness of sins, justification through faith, being adopted as God’s child, being an heir of an eternal inheritance, and submitting under the rule of the King, whose Kingdom has come, and will come in fullness.


VII. 我們怎樣走下去？
How Should We Then Live/Counsel?

我們必須審核自己的價值觀，自己的信念。要誠實回答﹕你如何回答這三個問題？（一）人是什麼？（動物？人是上帝？一堆欲望？一對經歷？）（二）人的問題從哪裏來？（三）解決人問題的方法（答案）從哪裏找？Examine your own values and beliefs. How do you answer these three questions? (a) What is man? (Is he an animal? Is he God? Is he a bunch of desires? Is he a bunch of experiences?) (b) Where do man’s problems come from? (c) Where do solutions to man’s problem come from?
接受純正的《聖經》教義裝備。輔導員需要好的神學！需要以《聖經》為基礎的教義根基。Equip yourself with sound, Bible-based doctrine (theology). Counselors need theology! Counselors need a firm foundation in a system of Bible-based doctrine.
先接受《聖經》教義的裝備，然後才學習世俗心理學與輔導學的理論。Equip yourself with Bible doctrine before you attempt to understand and learn secular theories of psychology and counseling.
參加《聖經》輔導運動的行列！成為一位真正能從上帝的話勸戒人的工人！請參考下列查詢資料。Join the Biblical counseling movement! Become truly competent to teach God’s Word, and to counsel from Scripture.

For further information: Westminster theological Seminary http://www.wts.edu/, Master’s College MA program http://www.masters.edu/, Christian Counseling and Educational Foundation http://www.ccef.org/, National Association of Nouthetic Counselors http://www.nanc.org/, Dr. Jay Adams’ publishing house http://www.timelesstexts.org/, Chinese-language resources http://www.chinesebiblicalcounseling.net/, http://www.chinesechristiandiscernment.net/.



林慈信牧師，中華展望
http://www.chinahorizon.org/
http://www.ccnci.org/ 直播網絡電視﹕神學教學

張逸萍博士
http://www.chinesechristiandiscernment.net/
http://www.chinesebiblicalcounseling.net/ （可聽林慈信牧師的聖經輔導課程錄音）

心理學與《聖經》﹕神學反省

PSYCHOLOGY AND THE BIBLE: Some Theological Reflections

1. 對非基督教思想的深層剖析A Penetrating Analysis of Non-Christian Thought

1. 基督教思想。基督徒思想的範圍包括﹕認識上帝，認識自己，認識世界。什麼是「知識」？不僅是理性追求事實，不僅是哲學的猜測。討上帝喜悅的知識是「順服守約」 (Covenant obedience)。（參﹕John M. Frame的著作。）我們必須認識上帝，自己，與世界；我們認知的方法（知識的科學）和對知識的解釋（知識的藝術）都必須遵從上帝的話。（參﹕Richard Pratt,《將人的心意奪回》。）Christian Thought. The scope of Christian thought includes knowledge of God, knowledge of self, and knowledge of the world. What is knowledge? Not just intellectual pursuit of facts; not just philosophical speculation. Knowledge which pleases God is “covenant obedience.” (John M. Frame, The Doctrine of the Knowledge of God; The Doctrine of God.) We must know God, ourselves, and the world in such a way that we obey and submit to his Word, both in our method (science) and in our interpretation (art). (Richard Pratt, Every Thought Captive.)

2. 每一個人的思想，都來自一些「前提」，或「世界觀」。什麼是世界觀？可以說是﹕我們「心中的堅持」。例如﹕上帝存在嗎？人是什麼？人的問題來自哪裏？解決人的問題的方案來自哪裏？等等。All man’s thought is based on “presuppositions,” or his “worldview.” A worldview is our “heart commitment”: What is man? Where do man’s problems and needs come from? Where do solutions to problems come from?

3. 非基督徒的思想的「心中堅持」﹕非基督徒心中堅持「自主」。人堅持自己是離開上帝獨立的，自主的。自從人犯罪墮落以來，人拒絕順服在上帝的主權之下。人是自己的律法（auto - 自己，nomos - 律。）「自主」是所有人犯罪以來（非基督教）思想的核心原則，或「前提」，或「心中的堅持」。現代期的思想文化尤其是如此（1500-1980）。（參﹕《前車可鑒》；《將人的心意奪回》。）The “heart commitment” of non-Christian thought: autonomy. Man is committed to be independent, autonomous from God. Since man sinned and fall, he refuses to submit under God’s authority. He is his own law (auto – nomos), his own authority. “Autonomy” has been the most fundamental principle, the “heart commitment,” or the “presupposition” in all non-Christian thought ever since the Garden of Eden, and especially in modern thought and culture (1500-1980). (Francis Schaeffer, How Should We Then Live; Pratt.)

4. 自 從弗來伊德以來，心理學接受了康德的世界觀，作為它「心中的堅持」。康德﹕人不可能透過科學與理性認識絕對真理；理性與科學只可能認識事物的外表。至於上 帝，永生，愛，自由意志等宗教、倫理上的真理，只能「超越」理性與科學來認識。因此，心理學的世界觀（前提，心中堅持）包括﹕自然主義（否認超自然的存 在），唯物主義（否認靈魂與上帝的存在），決定主義（否認上帝與人的自由作為事物的成因），進化論（否認創造），邏輯實證主義（否認上帝啟示在知識和方法 論上的權威），相對主義（否認絕對真理的存在）。（Baker’s Dictionary of Psychology and Counseling。）Psychology since Sigmund Freud has absorbed the post-Kantian “heart commitment.” Immanuel Kant: Man cannot know (absolute) truth through science and reason. Science and reason can only know the outward of things. Religious and ethical truth (God, eternal life, love, free will) is known “beyond” science and reason. Thus, psychology’s presuppositions include: naturalism (denying the supernatural), materialism (denying the soul and God’s existence), determinism (denying God’s and man’s freedom as causes), evolution (denying creation), logical positivism (denying the authority of God’s Word as method in knowledge), relativism (denying the existence of absolute truth) and humanism (denying

God’s sovereignty in everything), according to Baker’s Dictionary of Psychology and Counseling.

5. 在 現代期之前，和在目前的「後現代」時期，人堅持「新紀元運動」的哲學前提；我們稱它為「一元論」。一元論相信﹕上帝就是我，我就是上帝；我就是宇宙，宇宙 就是我；上帝就是宇宙，宇宙就是上帝。這是「異教」的「心中堅持」。自從古代中西文化中就流行。（參﹕張逸萍，《新紀元的陷阱》；www.cwipp.org 。）Both in the pre-modern postmodern period, man holds to the “heart commitment” of New Age philosophy, which is “monism.” Monism believes: God = me, I = God; I = the world, the world = me; God = the world, the world = God. This is the heart of the ancient / postmodern “pagan” religion. (Peter Jones, Spirit Wars. www.cwipp.org.)

6. 注﹕一元論的相反詞不是二元論或三元論！與一元論相反的是《聖經》的世界觀﹕（一）上帝就是上帝，上帝是創造宇宙的主；（二）人與宇宙都是上帝所創造的；（三）創造主與被造物之間有著絕對的區分。（參﹕范泰爾的著作。）Note. The opposite of monism is not dualism! The opposite of monism is the Bible’s view of the world: (a) God is God, God is creator of the universe; (b) man and the universe are created by God; (c) there is an absolute distinction between the Creator and all creation. (Cf. The works of Cornelius Van Til.)

2. 心理學是什麼？What is Psychology?

1. 心理學從一種「科學」（其實是「社會科學」，「行為科學」，直接了當說是「偽科學」），演變成為「新紀元哲學與宗教（即﹕異教）」的最佳推銷員團隊。其實，「新紀元」的世界觀，早在早期心理學理論中就找得到。Psychology evolved from a “science” (a “social science,” a “behavioral science,” or a “pseudo-science”) to an eager sales force for New Age philosophy. But the “New Age” worldview actually predates the beginning of psychology.

2. 心理學是一種「偽科學」。科學竭力觀察事實，按照一些理論來解釋所觀察的事實。所分析的事實應該是可以重複的，可以證實的。心理學不是這樣的。心理學中不少的定義和解釋都非常主觀。（注﹕不論是傳統科學或偽科學，都來自人自主的「前提」。）Psychology is a “pseudo-science.” Science observes data according to a theory which seeks to interpret the data. The data analyzed should be repeatable and verifiable. Psychology’s definitions, data and explanations are often subjective. (Note: Whether it is conventional science or pseudo-science, man is committed to his own autonomy, unless science is redeemed and rebuilt with biblical presuppositions.)

3. 心理學從「現代」（康德後；堅持人的自主，推翻上帝的主權與祂設立的權威），到「後現代」。不過，「後現代」在「現代」之前就有了。（參﹕張逸萍博士的著作﹕www.chinesechristiandiscernment.net; www.chinesebiblicalcounseling.net。）Psychology evolved from being “modern” (post-Kantian, asserting man’s autonomy over against God and all God-ordained authority) to “postmodern” (monism). But the “postmodern” actually pre-dates the modern. (Lois Chan, Unholy Alliance. www.chinesechristiandiscernment.net; www.chinesebiblicalcounseling.net.)

4. 幾位心理學理論大師﹕弗來伊德（「心理分析」），容格（異教徒），Alfred Adler （「認知心理學」），羅杰斯（人本主義；「非指引式」的，「案主中心」的治療），Eric Fromm（修正弗來伊德的人本主義）。Major theorists in the history of psychology: Sigmund Freund (psychoanalysis), Carl Jung, Alfred Adler (cognitive psychology), Carl Rogers (non-directive, client-centered therapy), and Eric Fromm.

5. 一些所謂「基督教輔導」的理論家﹕Gary Collins; James Dobson。Some names of “Christian counseling” theorists: Gary Collins, James Dobson.

6. 《聖經》輔導學與所謂「基督教輔導學採取完全不同的前提（心中堅持）。Over

against secular psychology and “Christian counseling” is “biblical counseling.” (www.nanc.org; www.timelesstexts.org; www.ccef.org.)

3. 輔導是什麼？What is Counseling?

1. 輔導可以「非指引式」嗎？非指引的輔導等於非輔導的輔導！（「非指引輔導」這個觀念來自羅杰斯，他是一個人本主義者；這觀念卻被基督徒輔導員與輔導中心廣泛使用。）Can counseling be really “non-directive”? Non-directive counseling is non-counseling counseling! (The idea of “non-directive counseling” comes from Carl Rogers, a humanist, and is very commonly adopted by Christian counseling and counseling centers.)

2. 「心理病」的神話。什麼是「疾病」？是可以觀察，診斷，開藥或開刀的問題。輔導呢？輔導是「講話」。（這種對心理學輔導的批評，往往來自無神論者，猶太教徒，不僅僅來自信仰保守，支持《聖經》輔導的基督徒！）耶穌講到人「有病」時，當然是喻意的。The myth of “mental illness”: what is “illness”? It is when you can observe a problem, prescribe medicine or do surgery. Counseling is just talk! (This critique of psychological counseling is raised not only by conservative Christians, but also secular writers, including Jews and atheists!) Of course, Jesus speaks of “illness” as a metaphor.

3. 是，輔導是「講話」，是帶有道德觀的講話。世俗的心理輔導基於世俗的理論，它是不合《聖經》的倫理。Counseling is “talk;” it is “talk” with an ethical perspective. Secular psychological counseling, based on secular theories, is “non-biblical ethics.”

4. 非《聖經》輔導的目標﹕心理平衡（弗來伊德），「自尊」，「自我接納」，或含糊不清的所謂「心理健康」。Non-biblical counseling’s goals: “equilibrium” (Freud), “self-esteem,” “self-acceptance,” or “mental health” (whatever that means).

5. 《聖經》輔導的目標來自《提摩太後書》3﹕16-17﹕「教訓，督責，使人歸正，教導人學義」。目標﹕幫助人過有紀律的生活，遵從上帝的話，結出聖靈的果子。Biblical counseling is an application of (obedience to) II Tim. 3:16-17: “teaching, reproof, correction, and training in righteousness.” The goal: that men and women live disciplined lives, obey God’s Word, and bear the fruit of the Spirit.

4. 事情的成因與影響因素Influences and Causation

1. 三十多年來，亞當斯被誣告、曲解。基督教心理學家說亞當斯認為人的問題都來自罪，沒有身體上的因素影響他。其實從《成功的輔導》面世以來（目前中譯本名《聖靈的勸戒》，中華展望出版），亞當斯一直堅持，有身體而來的因素！（亞當斯的網站﹕ www.timelesstexts.com。）For 30+ years, Jay E. Adams has been misquoted and maligned for saying that all counseling problems are due to sin; there are no physical factors involved. This cannot be further from the truth! From his first book, Competent to Counsel, he has said that there are factors related to the human body. (Adams’ website: www.timelesstexts.com .)

2. 《聖經》輔導運動有醫生和精神科醫生參與，讀者可參考他們的著作。Works by

physicians and psychiatrists who have joined the Biblical counseling movement: Robert

Smith, A Christian Counselor’s Medical Desk Reference; Payne, The Healing of Modern Medicine; and Gary Almy, How Christian is Christian Counseling?.

3. 顯然地，家庭是影響行為的重要因素，可是它不是唯一因素。這因素（包括傷害），靠基督的能力絕對可以勝過！還有其他的因素，如﹕遺傳，成年的經驗，和身體（大腦，神經）等。（參﹕Edward Welch,《都是腦神經惹的禍？》。）The family, obviously, is an important influence on behavior; but it is not the only influence. Certainly, it is an influence (injury) which Christ’s power can overcome! Other factors: heredity, adult experiences, and the body/brain. (Cf. Ed Welch, Blame It On the Brain?)

4. 這些因素包括整個宇宙﹕（一）人的身體；（二）靈界（魔鬼邪靈）；（三）物質世界；（四）人的靈魂（屬靈、行為因素）。一切都由上帝的護理掌管。These factors are as wide as the universe, which includes: (a) man’s body; (b) the spiritual realm (of Satan and the demons); (c) the physical universe; and (d) man’s soul (spiritual = behavioral factors). All are under God’s sovereign control (under his “providence”).

5. 我們應該如何研究這些因素？我們必須順服上帝的普遍啟示與《聖經》啟示，來建立我們的方法論。（參﹕范泰爾的著作；中華展望護教學講義與錄音。）我們手上既然有《聖經》的全部（66卷）， 我們必須順服《聖經》來研究（一）我們的身體，（二）我們的靈魂（信仰，行為），（三）物質世界，（四）人類，（五）靈界；和（當然）（六）我們對上帝的 認識。即是﹕《聖經》在（一）信仰，（二）生活，（三）歷史，（四科學的事上，都是無謬，無誤，我們絕對最高的權威。But how should we study all these factors? We must build our “method” based on obedience to both general revelation and special revelation (the Bible). (Cf. Cornelius Van Til’s works, www.reformed.org. Also: China Horizon’s apologetics lecture notes and audio.) Since we do have 66 books of the Bible in our hands, we must submit to the Bible as the highest authority for our study of (a) our bodies, (b) our souls, (c) the physical universe, (d) mankind, and (e) the spiritual realm – and of course, in our knowledge of God himself. I.e.: the Bible is inerrant, infallible and our highest authority in matters of (a) faith, (b) conduct, (c) history, and (d) science. (Cf. Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy, 1978; John M. Frame, The Doctrine of the Knowledge of God.)

5. 普遍啟示與心理學General Revelation and Psychology

1. 「普遍啟示」是指什麼？《羅馬書》1﹕20，19，18；《詩篇》19﹕1-4。上帝在一人心（思想）中和（二）受造之物已經自我啟示，清清楚楚，叫人無可推諉。What is “general revelation”? Romans 1:20, 19, 18. Psalm 19:1-4. God has revealed himself to all mankind: (a) in the human mind/heart, and (b) through the created universe. He reveals himself clearly, so that man is without excuse.

2. 人在心靈的深處壓抑、阻擋這啟示，雖然他知道上帝是創造主，理當敬畏祂。Man knows deep down in his soul that God is the Creator and Lord of the universe; but man suppresses this revelation.

3. 「普遍啟示」的目的不是教導人如何得永生，而是叫他無可推諉，應當敬畏上帝。The purpose of general revelation is not to teach man how he can have eternal life, but to make him without excuse – to acknowledge, obey and worship God.

4. 一切的文化﹕哲學，心理學，藝術，科學，宗教等，都是（有罪的）人類對上帝普遍啟示的回應。文化不是啟示！連腳印（影子）都不是！All “culture” – philosophy, psychology, art, science, and religion, etc.– is the response by (sinful) men and women to God’s general revelation. Culture is not revelation! Not even a footprint/shadow of it!

5. 上帝的普遍啟示是從上而下的，從上帝而來（羅1﹕18-20），是「無言無語，也無聲音可聽」（詩19）。人對普遍啟示的回應（包括心理學）是從下而上的；從人發出。兩者不可混為一談！God’s general revelation is top-down; it comes from God (Rom. 1:18-20). It is “without words” (Psalm 19). Man’s response to revelation (culture, which includes psychology) is bottom-up; it comes from man. The two are not the same!

6. 人類既已墮落，這回應（文化）就在核心堅持人的自主，堅持「一元論」，就是保

羅所稱的「世上的小學」。世俗的文化（包括心理學）必然與上帝的啟示斗爭。Since mankind has fallen, this response is what Paul calls “the elementary things of this world.” It is committed to autonomy of man, and to monism. Secular culture (including psychology) inevitably battles against God’s Word.

7. 稱心理學的研究成果（或哲學）為「普遍啟示」是重要的錯誤。（例如﹕Gary Collins。）It is a major error to say that the insights of psychology (and philosophy, etc.) are general revelation (e.g. Gary Collins).

6. 人的道德責任（自由意志，人是道德責任者）

Man’s Moral Responsibility (Free/Moral Agency)

1. 世俗心理學其中一項重要錯誤（異端），是把人基本上（甚至只）視為受害者。所謂「基督教輔導」極力推行此觀念。這樣，人的責任就消除；同時人的尊嚴，和改變生命（解決問題）的盼望也泡湯。美國刺殺甘乃迪總統（1963年11月22日）的被告者，被心理學家解釋為是家庭傷害的受害者。在郵包中寄炸彈的被告者同樣被解釋為家庭的受害者。這樣，社會秩序也瓦解。今天美國人口的百分之一是監犯。（2008年三月的報導。）A major error/heresy of secular psychology (which so-called “Christian counseling” has borrowed enthusiastically), is to treat man fundamentally (only) as a victim. This takes away responsibility from the counselee, therefore it takes away dignity, and it takes away hope to change one’s life (to solve one’s problem). In the United States, famous criminals e.g. Lee Oswald (who assassinated John F. Kennedy) and the Unabomber, have been analyzed by psychologists as having been “injured” by family members, early in their lives. This explains their criminal behavior. This takes away hope for social order! 1% of the USA population is in prison today (March 2008).

2. 上帝創造人時，給人一個」意志「。有人喜歡稱此為「自由意志」，有些神學家稱它為「道德責任性」。上帝造人作一位有限的被造物，因此人的自由是有限的。God created man with a “will.” Some prefer to call it “free will;” others call this man’s “moral agency.” God created man as a finite being, therefore his freedom is finite (limited).

3. 《創世記》第二章教導﹕無限的上帝創造了有限的人，賜人有限的、可是真的自由選擇。這自由選擇附有道德責任；人必須為自己一切思想行為承擔後果。上帝在一個特定的處境裏賜人此「選擇兼責任」﹕在此處境，上帝已創造了一切，也向人曉諭；上帝已向人講解祂的旨意和吩咐。Genesis chapter 2 teaches that: An infinite God created finite man, and gave him finite, but real free choice. This choice comes with moral responsibility; man must bear all consequences of his thoughts and actions. God gave this freedom-plus-responsibility to man in a context (place) in which he has created all things, and he has spoken to man (he has given man his will and his commands).

4. 人為自己的一切行為負責。人不應只問﹕「誰傷害過我？」而要問﹕「我傷害過誰？」還有﹕「我如何回應別人在我身上造成的傷害？我的回應有罪嗎？」我們須為自己的回應負責。Man is responsible for his actions. He should not only ask: “Who has injured me?” He needs to ask: “Whom have I injured?” “How did I respond to other people’s injuring me? Did I respond in a sinful way?” We are responsible for our responses.

5. 人是「從內心發出」一切思想、行為的。這就是說人有「意志」的意思。可是人的

心墮落了，非常邪惡。人須要換一個心，取得新心，才有能力遵從上帝的吩咐來回應別人的行為（對自己的傷害，等）。Man acts “out of his heart.” This is what we mean when we say that man has a “will.” But man’s “heart” is fallen and utterly wicked. Man needs his “heart” to be changed in order to act, to respond to other people’s actions (e.g. hurts against myself), in the way which God has commanded.

7. 從《聖經》看家庭Family in Biblical Perspective

1. 上帝在創造世界時設立了三個制度﹕婚姻家庭；工作文化，與安息敬拜。因此，人還沒有犯罪之前，家庭制度就存在了。God established the family as one of 3 institutions when he created the world. (The other 2 are: work/culture, and rest/worship.) Therefore, the family existed as an institution ordained by God before man sinned.

2. 上帝的旨意是﹕家庭是祂立約的對象，是「約民」的基本單位。約裏的人，都是個人，也是家庭的成員，都應順服，敬拜，記敬畏，愛上帝。上帝的律法（話語），應該在家庭中宣講，教導。（單身的應被包括在教會的眾家庭和大家庭裏。）God intends the family to be a covenant unit. Men and women, as individuals, and as family members, should obey God, worship him, fear him, and love him. The family is where God’s covenant-word (law) is to be proclaimed and taught. (Singles should be included in the several families of the church, or in the large family which is the church.)

3. 上帝在家庭裏設立了權威結構。丈夫，父親應該帶領家人順服，敬畏，敬拜，愛上帝。God has also established authority structures in the family. The husband/father is to lead the family to obey, fear, worship, and love God.

4. 上帝願意賜福給信徒的家庭（舊約，新約時期都是如此）。在上帝的約中有一些咒詛（特別限制在敬拜偶像的人身上）。基督來，勝過一切的罪和咒詛。God intends to bless the families of believers, both in the Old Testament and in the New. Within this covenant structure of blessing, there are curses (especially limited to idol worship). But Christ came to triumph over sin and sin’s curse.

5. 我們對上帝的認識（得救），是否會因家庭的傷害有負面影響？會的，若還沒有完全信靠上帝的話或聖靈在我們身上的工作的話。但若順服上帝的話與上帝的靈，這些都能勝過，變為感恩與喜樂。Can our knowledge of God (our salvation and sanctification) be negatively influenced by the injuries which our family members incurred on us? Yes, if we do not wholly trust God’s Word and wholly submit to the Holy Spirit’s work in our lives. But if we do, these can be overcome with thanksgiving and joy.

6. 世俗心理學（弗來伊德起）損害了教會與社會秩序，因往往破壞上帝話語的權威，和上帝設立的權威。Secular psychology (beginning with Freud) has damaged church and society by tearing down the authority of God’s Word and the authority-structures which God has ordained, e.g. the authority of God’ Word as taught by the head of the household.

7. 世 俗心理學對「性革命」作了重要的貢獻，破壞婚姻的聖潔，以西方社會開始推動淫亂和同性戀；換言之，推翻上帝所設立的制度與權柄，破壞人生與人際關係。（不 過我們若記得，心理學的前提包括自然主義﹕否認超自然事情；進化論﹕否認創造；相對主義﹕否認宇宙有絕對真理；和人本主義﹕否認上帝的主權，就不足為奇 了。）Secular psychology has largely contributed to the “sexual revolution” which destroyed the sanctity of sex in marriage, and promoted promiscuity and homosexuality, beginning with western societies. In other words, it led to the destruction of God-ordained structures of life and relationships. (This is perfectly understandable if we understand that secular psychology is based on naturalism, evolution, relativism, humanism etc.!)

林慈信牧師 Rev. Samuel Ling﹕www.ccnci.org（直播網路電視神學教學）,

www.chinahorizon.org （中華展望）。

張逸萍博士Dr. Lois Chan﹕

www.chinesechristiandiscernment.net, www.chinesebiblicalcounseling.net

聖經輔導Dr. Jay Adams and the Nouthetic (Biblical) Counseling Movement﹕

www.timelesstexts.org, www.ccef.org, www.nanc.org